\documentclass[aspectratio=169,10pt]{beamer}
\usetheme[progressbar=head,numbering=fraction,sectionpage=none]{metropolis}

\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{ulem}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage[scale=2]{ccicons}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{numprint}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepgfplotslibrary{dateplot}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{xspace}

\title{Side-channel Based Runtime Intrusion Detection for Network Equipment}
\subtitle{Arthur Grisel-Davy, Goksen U. Guler, Julian Dickert, Philippe Vibien, Waleed Khan, Jack Morgan, Carlos Moreno, Sebastian Fischmeister.}
\date{}
\author{Arthur Grisel-Davy, agriseld@uwaterloo.ca}
\institute{University of Waterloo, Canada}

\renewcommand{\thempfootnote}{\ifcase\value{mpfootnote}\or\textasteriskcentered\or\textdagger\or\textdaggerdbl\fi}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\begin{frame}{Introduction}
    \begin{center}
        {\LARGE We cannot entrust machines to assess their own integrity.}\\
        \vspace{1cm}
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{images/trust.pdf}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Introduction}
    \begin{center}
        {\LARGE Process assessement requires process-related information.}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Introduction}
    \begin{center}
        {\LARGE Get information without machine cooperation\\
        $\downarrow$\\
        Side-Channel Analysis}

    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Common IDS Solutions}
    \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/main_illustration_1.pdf}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Common IDS Solutions}
    \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/main_illustration_2.pdf}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Common IDS Solutions}
    \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/main_illustration_3.pdf}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Common IDS Solutions}
    \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/main_illustration_4.pdf}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Threat Model}
            \only<1>{\begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!5!white,colframe=orange!50!black,
  colbacktitle=orange!75!black,title=Firmware Manipulation]
                Change settings, Upgrade/Downgrade firmware, Replace firmware.
                \tcblower
                Machine takeover, Advanced Persistent Threats (APT).
            \end{tcolorbox}
            
            \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!75!black,colframe=orange!50!black, coltext=white]
                Runtime Monitoring
            \end{tcolorbox}
            \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!75!black,colframe=orange!50!black, coltext=white]
                Hardware Tampering
            \end{tcolorbox}
            }
            
            \only<2>{
            \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!75!black,colframe=orange!50!black, coltext=white]
                Firmware Manipulation
            \end{tcolorbox}

            \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!5!white,colframe=orange!50!black,
  colbacktitle=orange!75!black,title=Runtime Monitoring]
                Log tampering, Login (brute force/dictionary) attacks.
                \tcblower
                Intrusion, Covert operations.
            \end{tcolorbox}


            \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!75!black,colframe=orange!50!black, coltext=white]
                Hardware Tampering
            \end{tcolorbox}
            }

            \only<3>{
            \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!75!black,colframe=orange!50!black, coltext=white]
                Firmware Manipulation
            \end{tcolorbox}
            \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!75!black,colframe=orange!50!black, coltext=white]
                Runtime Monitoring
            \end{tcolorbox}

            \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!5!white,colframe=orange!50!black,
  colbacktitle=orange!75!black,title=Hardware Tampering]
                Installation/Removal of peripherals.
                \tcblower
                MAC flooding attacks.
            \end{tcolorbox}
        }

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Experiment Family I - Firmware Manipulation}
    \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[height=0.9\textheight]{images/Firmware_Comparison_TD_direct.pdf}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Experiment Family I - Firmware Manipulation}
Experiment 1: Classifying Firmware Version
\begin{table}[ht]
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{lccc}
        \toprule
        \textbf{Data} & \textbf{Model} & \textbf{Macro F1 Score} & \textbf{Accuracy} \tabularnewline
        \midrule
        \multirow{2}*{DC Time Domain} & RFC & \textbf{\numprint[\%]{100}}  & \numprint[\%]{100} \tabularnewline
        & SVM & \numprint[\%]{96.8} & \numprint[\%]{99.3}\tabularnewline
        \midrule
        \multirow{2}*{AC Time Domain}& RFC & \textbf{\numprint[\%]{87.4}}  & \numprint[\%]{98.9} \tabularnewline
        & SVM & \numprint[\%]{75.8} & \numprint[\%]{95.5} \tabularnewline
        \midrule
        \multirow{2}*{DC Frequency Domain} & RFC & \textbf{\numprint[\%]{97.6}} & \numprint[\%]{99.8} \tabularnewline
        & SVM & \numprint[\%]{95.3} & \numprint[\%]{96.0} \tabularnewline
        \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Comparison between the different algorithms for firmware classification.}
    \label{tab:fw-results}
\end{table}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Experiment Family I - Firmware Manipulation}
    Experiment 2: Detecting changes in subsequent firmware traces.
    \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[height=0.8\textheight]{images/fam_I_exp_2.pdf}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}{Experiment Family II - Run-Time Monitoring}
    \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[height=0.9\textheight]{images/time_domain_ssh.pdf}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Experiment Family II - Runtime Monitoring}
Experiment 1: Detecting SSH Login Attempts
\begin{table}[ht]
    \begin{center}

    \begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
        \toprule
        \textbf{Domain} & \textbf{Model} & \textbf{Precision} & \textbf{Recall} & \textbf{F1 Score} & \textbf{Accuracy} & \textbf{FPR} & \textbf{FNR} \tabularnewline
        %& \multicolumn{5}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr5\hsize+5\tabcolsep+\arrayrulewidth\relax}c}{\textbf{Time Domain}} & \tabularnewline
        \midrule
        \multirow{3}*{Time Domain} & RFC & \numprint[\%]{95} & \numprint[\%]{97} & \numprint[\%]{95} & \numprint[\%]{97} & \numprint[\%]{0.6} & \numprint[\%]{14} \tabularnewline
        & SVM & \numprint[\%]{95} & \numprint[\%]{97} & \textbf{\numprint[\%]{96}} & \numprint[\%]{98} & \numprint[\%]{0.8} & \numprint[\%]{8} \tabularnewline
        & 1D~CNN & \numprint[\%]{94} & \numprint[\%]{93} & \numprint[\%]{93} & \numprint[\%]{96} & \numprint[\%]{2} & \numprint[\%]{9} \tabularnewline
        \midrule
        %& \multicolumn{5}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr5\hsize+5\tabcolsep+\arrayrulewidth\relax}c}{\textbf{Frequency Domain}} & \tabularnewline
        \multirow{3}*{Frequency  Domain} & RFC & \numprint[\%]{89} & \numprint[\%]{67} & \numprint[\%]{72} &
        \numprint[\%]{88} &
        \numprint[\%]{12} &
        \numprint[\%]{8} \tabularnewline
        & 1D~CNN &
        \numprint[\%]{90} & \numprint[\%]{90} & \textbf{\numprint[\%]{90}} & \numprint[\%]{94} &
        \numprint[\%]{3} &
        \numprint[\%]{17} \tabularnewline
        \midrule
        %& \multicolumn{5}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr5\hsize+5\tabcolsep+\arrayrulewidth\relax}c}{\textbf{Time + Frequency Domain}} & \tabularnewline
        Time + Frequency & 1D~CNN & \numprint[\%]{89} &
        \numprint[\%]{95} &
        \textbf{\numprint[\%]{92}} &
        \numprint[\%]{95} &
        \numprint[\%]{1} &
        \numprint[\%]{20} \tabularnewline
        \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}

    \end{center}
    \caption{Comparison between the different algorithms for detecting SSH login attempts.}
    \label{tab:ssh-precision-comparison}
\end{table}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Experiment Famili II - Runtime Monitoring}
    Experiment 2: Classifying SSH Login Attemps
    \begin{table}[ht]
    \begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{ccccccc}
        \toprule
        \textbf{Model} & \textbf{Precision} & \textbf{Recall} & \textbf{F1 Score} & \textbf{Accuracy} & \textbf{FPR} & \textbf{FNR} \tabularnewline
        \midrule
        & \multicolumn{5}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr5\hsize+5\tabcolsep+\arrayrulewidth\relax}c}{\textbf{Time Domain}} & \tabularnewline
        \midrule
        RFC & \numprint[\%]{97} & \numprint[\%]{97} & \numprint[\%]{97} & \numprint[\%]{96.7} & \numprint[\%]{12} & \numprint[\%]{8} \tabularnewline
        SVM & \numprint[\%]{99} & \numprint[\%]{99} & \textbf{\numprint[\%]{99}} & \numprint[\%]{98.5} &
        \numprint[\%]{1} &
        \numprint[\%]{1.5}  \tabularnewline
        1D~CNN & \numprint[\%]{98.5} &
        \numprint[\%]{98} & \numprint[\%]{98} & \numprint[\%]{98} & \numprint[\%]{1} & \numprint[\%]{2}  \tabularnewline
        \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
    \end{center}
    \caption{Comparison between the different algorithms for classifying SSH login attempts.}
    \label{tab:ssh-classification-precision-comparison}
\end{table}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Experiment Family III - Hardware Tampering}
    \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[height=\textheight]{images/switch.jpg}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Experiment Family III - Hardware Tampering}
    \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{images/detect_change.pdf}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Experiment Family III - Hardware Tampering}
    Experiment 1: Identifying the Number of Expansion Modules
    \begin{table}[ht]
    \begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{ccccc}
        \toprule
        \textbf{Input Data} & \textbf{Model} & \textbf{Accuracy} & \textbf{Recall}\tabularnewline
        \midrule
         DC & SVM & \numprint[\%]{100} & \numprint[\%]{100}\tabularnewline
         DC & KNN & \textbf{\numprint[\%]{100}} & \numprint[\%]{100}\tabularnewline
         DC & SVM & \numprint[\%]{99.5} & \numprint[\%]{99.45}\tabularnewline
        \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
    \end{center}
    \caption{Comparison between the different models for hardware detection with a stratified 10-fold cross validation setup.}
    \label{tab:hardware-results}
\end{table}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}{Conclusion}
    \only<1>{
 \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!5!white,colframe=orange!50!black,
    colbacktitle=orange!75!black,title=Advantages of Physics-Based IDS]
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Host-independance
            \item Fail-safe design 
        \end{itemize}
    \end{tcolorbox}
    
    \begin{tcolorbox}[colback=orange!5!white,colframe=orange!50!black,
    colbacktitle=orange!75!black,title=Capabilities]
        \begin{itemize}
            \item Boot process assessement (published and submited work)\footnote{Work-in-Progress: Boot Sequence Integrity Verification with Power Analysis, EMSOFT 22}.

            \item Run-time monitoring / Log verification. (submited work)
            \item Hardware tampering detection.
        \end{itemize}
    \end{tcolorbox}
    }
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}{Thank You}
    Paper: Side-channel Based Runtime Intrusion Detection for Network Equipment\\
    Contact: \textbf{agriseld@uwaterloo.ca}
\end{frame}

\end{document}